There have been non-international armed conflicts and internal disturbances and tensions in the north-east of India for many years. According to the Ploughshares Project, "the United Liberation Front of Assam began a series of attacks against Hindi-speaking migrant labourers in January that continued throughout the year and caused more than 300 casualties. Increased unrest in the state of Assam prompted the government to launch an “all-out offensive” against the group and deploy some 13,000 troops to the area.

Elections in the state of Manipur were carried out amid high levels of violence "as Naga rebels attempted to block participation from mainstream political parties. A ceasefire between the National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Isaac/Muivah (NSCN-I/M) was extended indefinitely, yet hopes of peace talks between the government and the separatist group remain low."

There is also reported to be a burgeoning Naxalite insurgency in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Throughout 2007 clashes between Maoist insurgents and government forces resulted in the deaths of several hundred people. In March, more than 400 Naxalites attacked a police station in Chhattisgarh, seizing arms and killing dozens. Civilians continue to be intimidated into choosing sides between the Maoists and the government, resulting in widespread fear and insecurity among local populations.

In the disputed region of Kashmir, which has led to several international armed conflicts between India and Pakistan over the past five decades, peace talks in 2006 between the governments of India and Pakistan led to the establishment of new transportation routes between the two sides of Kashmir. Hostilities reached a 17-year low throughout 2007 despite concerns regarding the effects of political instability in Pakistan on peace talks with Delhi. The February bombing of the Lahore-Delhi train killed 60 people and was blamed on Islamic militants by Indian security personnel. Commercial trucks crossed the India/Pakistan border at Wagah for the first time since partition. Despite a marked decrease in violence estimates still place the casualty toll at more than 800 for 2007.

There have been no reports of further significant violence in Gujarat, previously a flashpoint but where conflict has been miminal since 2005.